Kaiyuan Temple Zhenguo Pagoda

The Zhenguo Pagoda of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou was initially constructed as a wooden pagoda under the supervision of Monk Wencheng during the Xianheng period of the Tang Dynasty (670–673 AD). It served as a repository for Buddhist relics. Subsequent reconstructions following disasters led to its transformation into a stone structure. Built entirely of granite and mimicking wooden architecture, this multi-storied pagoda boasts a robust core, with crossbeams and corbel brackets connecting it to the outer walls. This design imbues it with exceptional resistance to earthquakes and typhoons. As a prime example of Song Dynasty stone architecture and the largest stone pagoda in China, it is designated as a National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit. The pagoda's overall form is grand and magnificent, showcasing exquisite and ancient stone carving craftsmanship. The eighty guardian deities carved on its walls each possess distinct identities, attire, postures, weapons, and expressions, highlighting their unique personalities. The Sumeru pedestal's waist features thirty-nine embedded images depicting the continuous story of Sakyamuni Buddha's enlightenment. These images unfold narratives through themes such as the Jataka tales (stories of the Buddha's past lives), the Buddha's life story, King Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism, the eastward spread of Buddhism, and allegorical sutra stories. Each panel maintains a focused theme, portraying characters and events with vivid detail and captivating charm, drawing inspiration from the imagery of the Central Plains of China.