Shenao Ancient Village and Hui-style Architecture: Exploring the Poetic Dwelling in Time
🤎As early as the beginning of this century, Shen'ao Ancient Village, which was rated as a famous historical and cultural village by the state, is located on the banks of Yingjia Creek in the south of Fuchun River. The ancient village is 16 kilometers west of the county seat. From the entrance of RT-Mart Supermarket in Tonglu County, you can take the K302 or K303 bus with a fare of 6 yuan and reach Shen'ao Ancient Village in about 45 minutes.
👉It is reported that Shenao Ancient Village was built in the early Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of nearly 900 years. The earliest villagers, the Shentu family, moved in from Shentu Mountain in Fuyang. Their descendants multiplied and became a prominent family. Today, most of the villagers in the village still have the surname Shentu. The area of Shen'ao Village is rectangular and runs from north to south. The old street on the central axis is more than 300 meters long and about 3 meters wide. It is paved with pebbles and has an underground canal (commonly known as "ao") underneath. There are three alleys on both sides of the old street, shaped like the Chinese character "fei". In the 1980s, new streets were built on both sides of the road at the north end of the village to connect with the old street, and it became the shape of the Chinese character "jiu". Today, Shen'ao New Street and Old Alley are densely populated and has become the largest village in Tonglu area.
👉The architectural style of the ancient houses in Shen'ao Ancient Village is almost all Hui-style architecture, with blue tiles, white walls and horse-head walls. They are mainly concentrated in the buildings of the Ming, Qing and Republic of China periods, and are roughly distributed in the alleys on both sides of the old street running north-south. There are more than 100 ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties and more than 50 modern buildings from the Republic of China period in the village. Most of them are well preserved, which is rare in Zhejiang Province.
Why do the houses in rural Zhejiang adopt the Hui style of architecture? We know that Hui style architecture, as an important part of Hui culture, has always been highly praised by architectural masters at home and abroad. Of course, Hui style architecture does not specifically refer to Anhui architecture. Although Hui style architecture originated in Huizhou, Anhui, the neighboring Wuyuan in Jiangxi and Jinhua, Quzhou and other western Zhejiang regions are all radiating areas of Hui style architecture. Therefore, it is not difficult to imagine that the Hui-style architecture in Shenao Ancient Village, which is only more than 200 kilometers away from Huangshan, Anhui, is also reasonable.
🔶There are many cultural relics in Shen'ao Ancient Village, including the Shentu Clan Ancestral Hall, a provincial cultural relic protection unit, and 26 cultural relic protection sites such as Huaisu Hall, Gongsi Hall, Jingsong Hall, and Shangzhi Hall. The wood carvings on the beams, doors and windows in these ancient Huizhou-style buildings are very exquisite and can be regarded as a visual enjoyment.
🔶Gongsi Hall, built in the 19th year of the Guangxu period (1893), covers an area of 1,147 square meters. It is the largest existing single-family residence in Shen'ao. It consists of five main buildings and three courtyards on the north side, with a total of seven patios. Locals call it the "Seven Wells House". The owner of Gongsi Hall is Shentu Jicheng, a wealthy businessman from Shenzhen and Australia. The whole house took ten years to build, and the carving alone took three years. The carvings on the patio were particularly fancy, extending from the attic to the seventh floor. The skirting boards and flat beams were also carved with great care. It could be called a "mansion" at the time.
🔶Youxu Hall, built between the first year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty and the first year of Xuande (1403-1426), is the ancestral hall of the Shentu family in Shen'ao Village. Youxu Hall faces south and has five rooms and three courtyards, covering an area of 900 square meters. The entire building uses square stone pillars, which gives it a majestic and steady look, and the wood carvings are bright and elegant. "Youxu Hall" means a place where ancestors can enjoy incense forever and descendants can gather and tell stories. Due to a hundred years of wind and rain, Youxu Hall is in ruins. In 2012, Shen'ao Village invested 1.4 million yuan to comprehensively renovate Youxu Hall. The newly renovated Shentu Ancestral Hall welcomes and sees off wave after wave of tourists.
🔶Huaisu Hall, built during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, covers an area of 793 square meters and is a typical Jiangnan wealthy family mansion building. The carvings inside Huaisu Hall are dazzling. From the high corbels and moon beams to the low window lattice skirts and door waist boards, from the large brackets and flower beams to the small window partitions and flower knots, from the beam heads and corbels to the column base steps, every place is carved and every carving is exquisite. The carvings contain a collection of maxims from the traditional family education in ancient China, with a strong flavor of traditional Confucian culture.