Labrang Monastery
1. Core Positioning: A Millennium of Tibetan Scholarship Heritage and Modern Vitality
Labrang Monastery is located in Xiahe County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. Its full Tibetan name is "Gadan Xiazhu Daljizaxi Yisuchigulang," meaning "The Auspicious Right-Spinning Monastery of Joyful Teaching and Practice." As one of the six great monasteries of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, it is not only the highest Buddhist academy in Northwest China but also known as the "World Tibetan Academy," alongside Tibet’s Sera Monastery and Ganden Monastery. The monastery was founded in the 48th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1709) under the leadership of the First Jamyang Shepa Master. After more than 300 years of expansion, it now covers 866,000 square meters with over 400,000 square meters of building area. At its peak, it housed more than 4,000 monks. Currently, it includes six major colleges, 16 Buddhist halls, 18 living quarters for reincarnated lamas, and the world’s longest prayer wheel corridor (3.5 kilometers). In 2018, it was listed among the "100 Magical Scenic Spots of Northwest China."
2. Scenic Highlights: A Diverse Feast from Architectural Art to Faith Practice
1. Architectural Art: The Pinnacle of Han-Tibetan Fusion
- Great Scripture Hall: The core building of the monastery, measuring 50 meters long, 30 meters wide, and 20 meters high, can accommodate 4,000 monks chanting scriptures. Supported by 140 massive pillars, including exquisitely carved "Six-Syllable Mantra" pillars and Buddha pillars. The gilded Dharma wheel and treasure vase on the roof shine brilliantly under the sunlight.
- Gongtang Stupa: An octagonal nine-story stupa made of white marble, 30 meters tall. Each level houses Buddha relics and statues, with a gilded treasure vase on top symbolizing the "Enduring Dharma."
- Pienma Wall: The outer walls of the halls use a unique Tibetan ochre-red Pienma branch binding technique, contrasting sharply with the white walls. This reduces wall weight and adds solemnity.
- Door and Window Art: Door and window frames are painted with black trapezoidal patterns. The eaves are supported by multiple layers of small rafters topped with stone slabs or Agatu earthen layers, serving both waterproofing and decorative functions. The door frames are carved with scroll grass and colorful paintings.
2. Faith Practice: The Soulful Voices of the Prayer Wheel Corridor and Debate Yard
- Prayer Wheel Corridor: Stretching 3.5 kilometers with over 1,700 prayer wheels arranged along the corridor. Devotees and visitors turn the wheels clockwise while reciting the Six-Syllable Mantra, completing a physical and spiritual practice.
- Debate Yard: The six colleges (Philosophy, Medicine, Kalachakra, Vajra Joy, Upper Tantric, Lower Tantric) hold daily debate sessions where monks clap hands and stomp feet in lively discussions. The sounds echo through the courtyard, demonstrating deep understanding of Buddhist teachings.
3. Cultural Art: A Living Heritage Intangible Cultural Museum
- Butter Sculpture Hall: Showcases handcrafted butter sculptures made from butter and mineral dyes. Monks sculpt figures, flowers, birds, and beasts, made before the 15th day of the first Tibetan lunar month in cold rooms to prevent melting.
- Thangka Painting Academy: Preserves millennia-old painting techniques using mineral pigments to create vivid and long-lasting works such as the biography of Shakyamuni and the Four Heavenly Kings. Some Tibetan medicine formulas listed in the National Pharmacopoeia are also researched here.
- Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall: Displays over 80,000 scriptures and more than 10,000 Buddhist art pieces, including an 8-meter-high bronze Maitreya Buddha statue, manuscripts by the Dalai and Panchen Lamas, and imperial gold edicts, all national treasures.
3. Cultural Experience: A Deep Journey from Academic Research to Daily Practice
1. Academic Research: The Highest Institute of Tibetan Buddhism
Labrang Monastery preserves the best Tibetan Buddhist education system in China. The six colleges offer beginner, intermediate, and advanced courses, awarding degrees such as "Rangzenpa" (PhD). The Medical College houses a Tibetan Medicine Research Institute, with many medicines listed in the National Pharmacopoeia. The Kalachakra College focuses on astronomy and calendar calculations, producing the "Kalachakra Calendar" that precisely guides agricultural and pastoral activities.
2. Daily Practice: A True Portrait of Monastic Life
- Morning Prayers: At 5 a.m., flickering candlelight fills the Great Scripture Hall as monks dressed in maroon robes chant the Kangyur scriptures in deep, solemn voices.
- Retreat Practice: The retreat rooms on the mountain behind the monastery are places for practitioners to isolate from the world, lasting from several months to years. They only briefly leave at night and avoid contact to maintain purity of practice.
- Ritual Ceremonies: Large events such as the New Year Prayer Ceremony and the July Ullambana Festival see thousands of monks lined up chanting scriptures, with seas of butter lamps and incense smoke creating a solemn and mysterious atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism.
4. Practical Information and Tips
1. Basic Information
Address: No. 252, Renmin West Street, Labrang Town, Xiahe County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Tickets: 40 RMB per person (includes Great Scripture Hall, Gongtang Stupa, and other core attractions). Guided tours are provided free by resident monks.
Opening Hours: Summer (May 1 - October 7) 08:00-18:00; Winter (October 8 - April 30) 09:15-16:30.
Transportation: Direct buses from Lanzhou South Bus Station daily at 8:30 (ticket price 158 RMB). Choose the right-side seat for panoramic views of the canyon. By car, follow National Highway G213, 1 km from Xiahe County town.
2. Accommodation Recommendations
- High-End Option: Xiahe Labrang Civil Aviation Hotel (4-star), decorated in Tibetan style, offers oxygen rooms and Tibetan medicine baths, rated 4.7.
- Unique Homestay: Tashi Dele Homestay (Yeri Village), entire wooden house for 6 people at 800 RMB/night, rooftop barbecue and stargazing, owner provides free Cordyceps tea.
3. Notes
- Respect Customs: Remove hats and avoid noise and photography inside the main halls; turn prayer wheels clockwise; ask permission before photographing residents.
- Altitude Sickness: At 3,000 meters elevation, avoid strenuous exercise and carry glucose oral solution.
- Environmental Protection: No trash bins inside the monastery; bring your own trash bags and practice "leave no trace" travel.
5. Summary: A Must-Visit "Land of Faith and Wisdom" in a Lifetime
Labrang Monastery is a gift from Gannan to the world. Here you will find the solemnity of the Great Scripture Hall, the devotion of the prayer wheel corridor, the brilliance of butter sculptures, and the passion of the debate yard; the academic depth of six colleges and the spiritual heights of retreat practice. When you turn the prayer wheels in the morning light, feel the clash of wisdom in the debate sounds, and touch the threads of history before the relics, you will understand: this "World Tibetan Academy" has long transcended the definition of a "scenic spot" to become an eternal narrative of faith, culture, and the soul.