Suzhou Gardens World Heritage List

Suzhou Gardens are an important school of classical Chinese gardens, exemplified by the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master of the Nets Garden, and Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty, which were inscribed on the 'World Heritage List' in 1997. In 2000, the Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove Garden, Couple's Retreat Garden, Garden of Cultivation, and Retreat & Reflection Garden were also included as world cultural heritage sites as extension projects. Suzhou Gardens originated during the Spring and Autumn period when the state of Wu established its capital in Gusu (during the reign of King Helü, 514 BC), took shape during the Five Dynasties, matured in the Song Dynasty, and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 170 gardens in Suzhou, with over 60 well-preserved and 19 open to the public. The classical gardens of Suzhou integrate residences and gardens, offering beauty, recreation, and living spaces. This architectural form emerged in cities with dense populations and a lack of natural scenery, reflecting humanity's attachment to nature, the pursuit of harmonious coexistence with nature, and the beautification and improvement of their living environment. The classical gardens of Suzhou embody Chinese philosophy, history, and cultural customs. They symbolize and encapsulate the cultural and historical traditions and local customs of the Jiangnan region, showcasing the essence of Chinese culture. They hold a unique historical status and significant artistic value in the history of world gardening.