Wenzhou People's 5000-Year History Museum
Wenzhou Museum is a comprehensive local museum located at Century Square, Shifu Road, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The building area is approximately 26,000 square meters, and the total exhibition area is 12,000 square meters. The core exhibition hall is the History Hall, which displays the 5,000-year historical footprint of "Wenzhou people". There are also six special exhibitions including the Calligraphy and Painting Hall, Ceramics Hall, Natural History Hall, and Crafts Hall. As of 2013, Wenzhou Museum has more than 20,000 cultural relics, including 20 categories such as ceramics, bronzes, colored sculptures, brick carvings, lacquerware, calligraphy and paintings.
The History Museum is the main exhibition hall of Wenzhou Museum. It consists of four major units: "Preface", "Conclusion", "Dong'ou Kingdom", "Dong'ou under the Central Dynasty", "After the Opening of the Port", and "Wenzhou Today". The theme is "Wenzhou People" and the subtitle is "A story of survival and development".
The current territory of Wenzhou City was formerly Oudi, also known as Dong'ou. In the first year of Taining (323 AD), a county was established, namely Yongjia County. According to legend, when the county city was built, a white deer flew around the city with a flower in its beak, hence the name Lucheng. In the second year of Shangyuan (675 AD), it was called Wenzhou, and it has a history of more than 2,000 years. Wenzhou is an important commercial city and regional center city on the southeast coast approved by the State Council. Wenzhou is a national historical and cultural city and is known as "the most beautiful mountains and rivers in the southeast". Wenzhou is the pioneer of China's private economy, the cradle of Chinese mathematicians, the hometown of Chinese southern opera, and the shoe capital of China. Wenzhou people are called the Oriental Jews by the Chinese people. It is a frontier of reform and opening up, with the Wenzhou Financial Comprehensive Reform Pilot Zone, and is one of the first 14 coastal open cities in China.
During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Wenzhou belonged to Dong'ou of the Baiyue. In the seventh year of King Wei of Chu (333 BC), King Wei of Chu defeated the State of Yue and killed King Wujiang of Yue. Some of the Yue people moved to Dong'ou and settled there.
In the 37th year of Emperor Qin Shihuang's reign (221 BC), King Zheng of Qin unified China and divided the world into 36 counties, among which Wenzhou belonged to Minzhong County.
In the third year of Emperor Hui of the Western Han Dynasty (192 BC), Emperor Hui Liu Ying established Zou Yao as the King of Donghai and made Dong'ou his capital. Wenzhou belonged to the Donghai Kingdom (commonly known as the Dong'ou Kingdom). In the third year of Jianyuan (138 BC), the Dong'ou Kingdom was destroyed. In the second year of the Yuanshi reign (85 BC), it belonged to Huipu County of Kuaiji County.
In the third year of Yongchu in the Southern Dynasties (422 AD), Xie Lingyun was demoted to Ning Yongjia. He traveled to various counties and wrote many poems, becoming the originator of landscape poetry.
In the second year of Shangyuan reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (675 AD), Chuzhou was separated to establish Wenzhou, which was the beginning of the name of Wenzhou. According to the "Zhejiang General History" citing the "Illustrated Book": "Wenzhou is located in the west of Wenyao, and the people there mostly use fire to farm, so it is always hot even in the dead of winter." It means that Wenzhou is located in the south of Wenyaoling Mountain. It has neither severe cold in winter nor scorching heat in summer and has a mild climate, so it is called Wenzhou.
Wenzhou City is famous for its papermaking, shipbuilding, shoes and leather, embroidery, and lacquerware in history. It is also one of the birthplaces of Chinese celadon. During the Northern Song Dynasty, it became an important port town and was opened as a foreign trade port by the imperial court. During the Southern Song Dynasty, maritime trade was particularly developed. It was one of the four major seaports and is still the throat for the import and export of goods in southern Zhejiang and northern Fujian. Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty described the terrain of Wenzhou in his "Classic of Mountains and Seas" as "Ou in the sea", which is one of the earliest written records about "Ou". According to the research of Sun Yirang, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, "Ou" was used in the Xia Dynasty, "Ou" was used in the Shang Dynasty, and "Ou" was used in the Zhou Dynasty. Because the characters were different in different dynasties, "Ou" began in the Xia Dynasty.