Small State, Grand Art
There is a small-scale special exhibition of bronzes in the Tsinghua University Art Museum that has attracted many visitors. This special exhibition is called "Small State, Grand Art" and mainly displays bronzes unearthed from the cemetery of the Marquis E of the Early Western Zhou Dynasty. The exhibition has only 51 exhibits, 85% of which are first-class cultural relics. Among them, 27 pieces are from the tomb of Marquis E, and 20 pieces are engraved with inscriptions.
According to historical records, the Ji-named E was a state located in the Xiangning area of Shanxi Province during the Shang Dynasty. The State of E was listed as one of the three dukes along with Ji Chang and Marquis of Jiu. The discovery of the early Western Zhou Dynasty tombs in Yangzishan, Anju, Suizhou indicates that Marquis E had moved to Suizhou at this time, and 20 miles to its east was the noble cemetery of Yejiashan in the State of Zeng. The State of Zeng was a "big country" with a radius of no more than 200 kilometers, and Marquis E was of course a small state. However, a large number of bronzes were unearthed from the tomb of Marquis E in Yangzishan, especially the four-piece set of deity masks consisting of a pair of you (covered wine container), a zun (wine vessel) and a fang lei (square lei), which are unique, luxurious, exquisite and ingenious. They are not only masterpieces of the early Western Zhou Dynasty, but also wonders of Shang and Zhou bronzes.
How could a small state possess such exquisite treasures? This raises several important questions about the function, production, and material culture of Shang and Zhou bronzes: Who designed them? Where were they produced? How were they used? And so on.
Although the royal tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty have not yet been discovered and their connotations are unknown, the tombs of the dukes of the early Western Zhou Dynasty always contained some exquisite bronzes as burial objects. Of course, most of them were ordinary objects, and the tomb of Marquis E was no exception. This exhibition presents all the bronzes from the tomb of Marquis E in Yangzishan, represented by the four-piece set of deity masks, and also includes some bronzes unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Zeng in Yejiashan. The combination of fine and ordinary products allows the audience to better understand the art and technology of bronzes in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.
Figure 2: Marquis E Fang Lei (Square Lei) (The cover and the inside of the vessel have inscriptions: "Marquis E made this precious zun yi (sacrificial vessel)")
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-12th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M4, Yangzishan, Anju, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 3: E Zhong Fang Gai Ding (Square Covered Tripod) (a pair) (The inside of the cover and the inner wall of the vessel have two lines of six characters: "E Zhong made this precious lei")
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-12th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M4, Yangzishan, Anju, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 4: Ge Fu Yi You (The inscription has three characters: "Ge Fu Yi")
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M107, Yejiashan, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 5: Panlong Beast Head Bronze Lei
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M111, Yejiashan, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 6: Gong (Wine Vessel)
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M107, Yejiashan, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 8: Deity Mask Pattern Zun (Inscription: Made this zun yi (sacrificial vessel))
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M4, Yangzishan, Anju, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 9: Bai Sheng He (The cover of the he (kettle) and the belly of the vessel have the same inscription: "Bai Sheng made this yi (sacrificial vessel) for Zeng")
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M27, Yejiashan, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 10: (Left) Fu Ding Bronze Lei
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M111, Yejiashan, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
(Right) Marquis E Lei
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-12th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M4, Yangzishan, Anju, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 11: Beast Mask Pattern Square-Based Gui (Food Container)
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M4, Yangzishan, Anju, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 12: Bronze Four-Eared Square-Based Gui (The vessel has the inscription "Made this precious zun yi (sacrificial vessel)")
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M4, Yangzishan, Anju, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 14: Deity Mask Pattern You (The cover and the inside of the vessel have the inscription: "Made this yi zun (sacrificial vessel)")
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M4, Yangzishan, Anju, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 16: Elephant Eye Pattern Li (Cooking Vessel)
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M65, Yejiashan, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National Second-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 17: Beast Mask Pattern Square-Based Gui
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M4, Yangzishan, Anju, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 18: Zeng Hou Kang Bronze Gui (The inscriptions on the vessel cover and body read "Zeng Hou Kang made this precious zun yi (sacrificial vessel)" and "Made this precious yi (sacrificial vessel)" respectively)
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M111, Yejiashan, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Figure 20: Xi Gong Jue (The inner wall of the vessel near the tail has two lines of eight characters: "The Earl of Zeng made this precious Xi Gong zun yi (sacrificial vessel)")
Early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th-10th century BC)
Unearthed from Tomb No. M107, Yejiashan, Suizhou, Hubei Province
National First-Class Cultural Relic
Address: Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing
Opening hours: 9:00–17:00
(No entry after 16:00) Closed on Mondays