Humayun's Tomb, India | A garden tomb with a warm touch.

The most impressive architectural heritage in India is Humayun's Tomb in Delhi. Humayun's Tomb is the tomb of Humayun, the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, and the first garden tomb on the Indian subcontinent. Construction began in 1565 and was completed in 1572. The designer was the Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas. Humayun's Tomb is the first work of the Mughal Empire's royal garden tomb Charbagh system. The tomb area is divided into four small gardens by two intersecting central axes, symbolizing the four gardens in paradise described in the Quran. As time went by, with the gradual decline of the dynasty, the garden of Humayun's Tomb had become a vegetable garden by the early 18th century. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar also hid here, and was eventually captured by the British army and exiled to Burma. He died in Yangon five years later, and the dynasty ended. The neat garden form of Humayun's Tomb at that time no longer existed. Until the 1980s, people were still planting vegetables and tobacco in the garden, including descendants of the dynasty. At the beginning of the 20th century, the colonial ruler, the Viceroy of India, George Nathaniel Curzon, ordered the restoration of the original form of the garden of Humayun's Tomb. The project lasted from 1903 to 1909, and landscape trees were planted in 1915. In 1947, when the partition of India and Pakistan began, Humayun's Tomb and the Red Fort were used as refugee camps to accommodate Muslims who were about to immigrate to Pakistan. This caused the buildings and gardens of Humayun's Tomb to be damaged again. People had to protect the cultural relics in the tomb by sealing them with bricks. After several changes, Humayun's Tomb was finally listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993. It was also from that time that the restoration and renovation of the Humayun's Tomb complex and its surrounding environment began on a large scale with the support of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and the Archaeological Survey of India, and was basically completed in 2003. As the tomb of the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, Humayun's Tomb is the first work of the Mughal architectural style that integrates Islamic and Indian architectural art. The prominent style signs include pointed arches, small spires, large dome vaults, and small dome pavilions. It is worth mentioning that the building materials of Humayun's Tomb use a large amount of red sandstone produced in India. The building surface after years of erosion presents a warm color with rich light and shade. The geometric and floral patterns of white marble inlays add a touch of delicacy and agility as partial decorations. However, it is a pity that with the change of the architectural fashion of the Mughal Empire, the red sandstone in the main body of the royal tomb was gradually replaced by all-white marble, and the warm red gave way to the cold white. The gorgeous and cold garden tomb, the Taj Mahal, which appeared nearly a century later, is a representative...