Durham, UK

Durham Cathedral and Castle are iconic landmarks in Durham, UK. Both have a long history and unique architectural style, and were listed as World Heritage Sites in 1986. Here is a detailed introduction to them: Durham Cathedral - Architectural style: Durham Cathedral is the most typical Norman-style church in the UK, with high windows, thick walls, thick columns, and round arches. Two symmetrical square towers stand on the west side, with another one in the middle, creating a magnificent and spectacular shape. Its vaulted design is boldly innovative, using cross-ribbed vault technology to overcome the clumsiness of Romanesque barrel vaults and pave the way for Gothic art.  - Interior furnishings: The cathedral houses many precious cultural relics and historical sites, such as the remains of Bede, the earliest historian in the UK, early handwritten books, and vestments from the old church. The north gate of the cathedral is decorated with a 12th-century gargoyle door knocker, which sinners would hold in the Middle Ages to seek God's forgiveness. - Religious significance: It was built to bury St. Cuthbert and St. Bede, who preached in Northumbria. It is the first church in the UK to be completely roofed with stone and is the most important religious and cultural center in the region. Durham Castle - Architectural style: The castle was built in 1072 and reflects the Norman style, with halls and corridors connected like a maze. Although it has been rebuilt, renovated, and expanded many times, it still retains many original architectural elements and features.  - Historical evolution: Initially, it was a fortress to defend against the Scots and the residence of the bishop's vassals. It lost its military function in the 18th century and became a residence, and was converted into a dormitory for Durham University in the 19th century, witnessing Durham's transformation from a military stronghold and religious center to a modern university town. - Important status: Durham Castle has an important strategic position in history, having resisted Scottish attacks many times. It is an important defense line in northeastern England and occupies an important place in British history and military history.